What are the Causes of Cancer ?
Cancer is a comprehensive group of diseases and there are many reasons for it. Many genetic and environmental factors increase the risk of developing cancer. According to each biology and pathology, each cancer is of a different type. Some of them are as follows:
1. Genetic Factors Cause Cancer.
Genetic changes due to cancer can be inherited from our parents. Some families have a significant risk of developing certain types of cancer. Sometimes there is a risk of a single gene causing it to grow.
Abnormalities affecting serious gene (mutation) are known to contribute to the development of cancer. These genes produce proteins that regulate growth and change cell division and other basic cell properties.
For example, people with Down syndrome have three copies of chromosome 21 rather than normal two copies. They have 12 to 20 times more risk of developing leukemia.
2. Cancer Related to Age.
Some cancers such as Wilms tumors, retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma are especially in children. These cancerous septors are produced from gene mutations that either be inherited or occur during the development of the fetus. However, most other cancers are more common in adults, especially in older people. The growth rate of cancer is probably due to long-term contact with carcinogen.
3. Cancer Due to Environmental Factors.
Many environmental factors increase the risk of developing cancer. Tobacco smoke contains carcinogen which increases the risk of lungs, mouth, throat, esophagus, kidney and bladder cancer to a great extent. People who smoke also increase the risk of lung cancer.
Pollutants such as asbestos, industrial waste or cigarette smoke can increase the risk of cancer in air or water. Many chemicals are known to cause cancer. For example, exposure to asbestos can be the cause of lung cancer and mesothelioma (lung cancer). Staying in contact with pesticides is associated with some types of
cancer (for example, leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma). The reason for the development of chemicals and cancer has to come in contact with the chemical for a long time.
Radiation exposure is one of the main reasons for the development of cancer. Exposure of ultraviolet radiation is mainly due to sunlight which causes skin cancer. Ionization radiation is a special carcinogen. X-rays use the ionization radiation and those who have high levels of X-rays using high doses increase the risk of cancer. Exposure of radioactive gas radon increases the risk of lung cancer.
Many other substances are investigating possible causes of cancer, but more study is needed to identify those chemicals that increase the risk of cancer.
4. Cancer Caused by Diet.
Foods eaten in the diet may increase the risk of cancer. For example, fatness in unsaturated fat is associated with increased risk of colon, breast and possibly prostate cancer. People who drink large amounts of alcohol, head & neck, and enropagal are at high risk of developing cancer. Spicy food or excessive consumption of barbecue meat can increase the risk of colon cancer. People overweight have a greater risk of breast cancer.
5. Medical Treatments that Cause Cancer.
Some medicines and medical treatments can increase the development of cancer. For example, estrogen present in oral contraceptives can increase the risk of breast cancer gradually, although this risk decreases over time.
Hormone estrogens and progestins given to women during menopause (hormone replacement therapy) also increase the risk of breast cancer.
The level of extra estrogen promotes uterine cancer. Tamoxifen is a medicine used to treat breast cancer, which increases the risk of endometrial cancer. Long-term use of testosterone or other male hormone (androgen) can also increase the risk of liver cancer. Cancer treatment with some chemotherapy agents and radiation therapy can later increase the risk of developing other cancers.
6. Cancer Caused by Infections.
Many viruses are known to cause cancer in humans and many other viruses are suspected to be cancerous. Human papilloma virus (HPV - human papilloma virus). In women, cervical cancer is a major cause and men have a cause for penile and anal cancer. HPV also causes some cancers of the throat. Hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus can lead to liver cancer.
Some human retroviruses are due to the lymphoma and other cancers of the blood system. Some viruses cause a type of cancer in some countries, but in other countries there are other types of cancer. For example, epstein-bar virus causes burkitt lymphoma (a type of cancer) in Africa and nasal and pharyngeal cancer in China.
Some bacteria may also cause cancer. Helicobacter pylori which causes stomach ulcers can increase the risk of stomach cancer and lymphoma.
Some parasites can cause cancer. Schistosoma haematobium can cause bladder inflammation and wound, which can lead to cancer. Another type of parasitic opisthorchis sinensis is linked to the pancreas and bile ducts.
7. Inflammation Disorders Cause Cancer.
Inflammatory disorders often increase the risk of cancer. Such disorders include ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. The result may be colon cancer and bile duct cancers.
8. Cancer Due to Immune System Failure.
Bad immunity is the cause of many cancers including HIV infection, including capsic sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and anal cancer associated with HPV and cervical cancer.
1. Genetic Factors Cause Cancer.
Genetic changes due to cancer can be inherited from our parents. Some families have a significant risk of developing certain types of cancer. Sometimes there is a risk of a single gene causing it to grow.
Abnormalities affecting serious gene (mutation) are known to contribute to the development of cancer. These genes produce proteins that regulate growth and change cell division and other basic cell properties.
For example, people with Down syndrome have three copies of chromosome 21 rather than normal two copies. They have 12 to 20 times more risk of developing leukemia.
2. Cancer Related to Age.
Some cancers such as Wilms tumors, retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma are especially in children. These cancerous septors are produced from gene mutations that either be inherited or occur during the development of the fetus. However, most other cancers are more common in adults, especially in older people. The growth rate of cancer is probably due to long-term contact with carcinogen.
3. Cancer Due to Environmental Factors.
Many environmental factors increase the risk of developing cancer. Tobacco smoke contains carcinogen which increases the risk of lungs, mouth, throat, esophagus, kidney and bladder cancer to a great extent. People who smoke also increase the risk of lung cancer.
Pollutants such as asbestos, industrial waste or cigarette smoke can increase the risk of cancer in air or water. Many chemicals are known to cause cancer. For example, exposure to asbestos can be the cause of lung cancer and mesothelioma (lung cancer). Staying in contact with pesticides is associated with some types of
cancer (for example, leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma). The reason for the development of chemicals and cancer has to come in contact with the chemical for a long time.
Radiation exposure is one of the main reasons for the development of cancer. Exposure of ultraviolet radiation is mainly due to sunlight which causes skin cancer. Ionization radiation is a special carcinogen. X-rays use the ionization radiation and those who have high levels of X-rays using high doses increase the risk of cancer. Exposure of radioactive gas radon increases the risk of lung cancer.
Many other substances are investigating possible causes of cancer, but more study is needed to identify those chemicals that increase the risk of cancer.
4. Cancer Caused by Diet.
Foods eaten in the diet may increase the risk of cancer. For example, fatness in unsaturated fat is associated with increased risk of colon, breast and possibly prostate cancer. People who drink large amounts of alcohol, head & neck, and enropagal are at high risk of developing cancer. Spicy food or excessive consumption of barbecue meat can increase the risk of colon cancer. People overweight have a greater risk of breast cancer.
5. Medical Treatments that Cause Cancer.
Some medicines and medical treatments can increase the development of cancer. For example, estrogen present in oral contraceptives can increase the risk of breast cancer gradually, although this risk decreases over time.
Hormone estrogens and progestins given to women during menopause (hormone replacement therapy) also increase the risk of breast cancer.
The level of extra estrogen promotes uterine cancer. Tamoxifen is a medicine used to treat breast cancer, which increases the risk of endometrial cancer. Long-term use of testosterone or other male hormone (androgen) can also increase the risk of liver cancer. Cancer treatment with some chemotherapy agents and radiation therapy can later increase the risk of developing other cancers.
6. Cancer Caused by Infections.
Many viruses are known to cause cancer in humans and many other viruses are suspected to be cancerous. Human papilloma virus (HPV - human papilloma virus). In women, cervical cancer is a major cause and men have a cause for penile and anal cancer. HPV also causes some cancers of the throat. Hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus can lead to liver cancer.
Some human retroviruses are due to the lymphoma and other cancers of the blood system. Some viruses cause a type of cancer in some countries, but in other countries there are other types of cancer. For example, epstein-bar virus causes burkitt lymphoma (a type of cancer) in Africa and nasal and pharyngeal cancer in China.
Some bacteria may also cause cancer. Helicobacter pylori which causes stomach ulcers can increase the risk of stomach cancer and lymphoma.
Some parasites can cause cancer. Schistosoma haematobium can cause bladder inflammation and wound, which can lead to cancer. Another type of parasitic opisthorchis sinensis is linked to the pancreas and bile ducts.
7. Inflammation Disorders Cause Cancer.
Inflammatory disorders often increase the risk of cancer. Such disorders include ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. The result may be colon cancer and bile duct cancers.
8. Cancer Due to Immune System Failure.
Bad immunity is the cause of many cancers including HIV infection, including capsic sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and anal cancer associated with HPV and cervical cancer.
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